batholith

           batholith, large body of igneous rock formed beneath the Earth’s surface by the intrusion and solidification of magma. It is commonly composed of coarse-grained rocks (e.g., granite or granodiorite) with a surface exposure of 100 square km (40 square miles) or larger.

seismic waves

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and seismic waves that move through and around the earth. A seismologist is a scientist who studies earthquakes and seismic waves.

  

strata vs. volcanoes

                                        


                  
Shield volcanoes are one of the three major types of volcanoes, distinguished from the two other major volcanic types, stratovolcanoes and cinder cones, by distinct differences in structure and composition. Stratovolcanoes are built up by the accumulation of thick, viscous lavas, whereas cinder cones are constructed of tephra ejected in explosive eruptions. In comparison, shield volcanoes are built of relatively weakly viscous basaltic lavas that erupts in longer cycles than that of a stratovolcano. Shield volcanoes are distinctive products of hotspot volcanism, but can form at rift and subduction zones as well.
 http://www.google.com/search?q=strat+verse+shield+volcanoes&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1&rlz=&safe=strict#hl=en&safe=strict&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&&sa=X&ei=f8JaTZacHYS4twfnuPiIDA&ved=0CBUQBSgA&q=strat+versus+shield+volcanoes&spell=1&fp=cb921b9e247079c3

water cycle

            The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or h2o cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change states among liquid, vapour, and ice at various places in the water cycle.
               http://www.google.com/search?q=water+cycle&rls=com.microsoft:en-us&oe=UTF-8&startIndex=&startPage=1&rlz=&um=1&hl=en&biw=995&bih=571&safe=on&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=iw&safe=strict